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Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders (GLAD) is a non-profit legal rights organization in the United States. The organization works to end discrimination based on sexual orientation, HIV status, and gender identity and expression. The organization primarily achieves this goal through litigation, advocacy, and education work in all areas of LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) rights and the rights of people living with HIV. In addition, GLAD operates a legal information line, GLAD Answers, where LGBTQ & HIV+ residents of New England can receive attorney referrals and information about their rights. ==Background== GLAD is based in Boston, Massachusetts, and serves the New England area of the United States. John Ward founded GLAD in 1978 in response to a sting operation conducted by Boston police that resulted in the arrest of more than a hundred men in the men's rooms of the main building of the Boston Public Library. GLAD filed its first case, ''Doe v. McNiff'', that same year and eventually all those arrested were either found not guilty or had the charges against them dismissed.〔 An early victory came in ''Fricke v. Lynch'' (1980), in which GLAD represented Aaron Fricke, an 18-year-old student at Cumberland High School in Rhode Island, who won the right to bring a same-sex date to a high school dance. ==Notable cases== *''Fricke v. Lynch'': GLAD founder John Ward won a ruling from the U.S. District Court for Rhode Island on May 28, 1980, that the U.S. Constitution's guarantee of free speech prohibits a public school from denying a student the right to attend a school prom a same-sex date. *''Hurley v. GLIB'': GLAD founder John Ward became the first openly gay man to argue in front of the Supreme Court in defense of the rights of Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Group of Boston to march in South Boston’s annual St. Patrick’s Day parade. Massachusetts courts affirmed that the group had the right to march.〔http://www.glad.org/about/history/hurley-v-glib〕 In 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the decisions of the Massachusetts court, barring them from marching in the parade.〔http://www.oyez.org/cases/1990-1999/1994/1994_94_749#argument〕 *''Bragdon v. Abbott'': In 1995, GLAD's case established that people with HIV and AIDS are protected by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). It was the first case that U.S. Supreme Court had ever heard on the ADA, and the first involving HIV.〔(''Bragdon v. Abbot'' )〕 *''Doe v. Yunits'': In 2000, GLAD brought a case to the Massachusetts Superior Court on behalf of a transgender student, Katrina, who had been disciplined for wearing the clothing that matched her female identity. The Superior Court ruled that a middle school may not prohibit a transgender student from expressing her female gender identity. It was the first reported decision in a case brought by a transgender student.〔http://www.glad.org/about/history/doe-v-yunits〕 *''O’Donnabhain v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue'': On February 2, 2010, the U.S. Tax Court ruled that treatment for gender dysphoria qualifies as medical care under the Internal Revenue Code and is therefore tax deductible.〔In re Rhiannon O'Donnabhain http://www.glad.org/uploads/docs/cases/in-re-rhiannon-odonnabhain/odonnabhain-tax-court-decision-02-02-10.pdf〕 *''Miller-Jenkins v. Miller-Jenkins'' (2006).〔http://www.glad.org/work/cases/miller-jenkins-v-miller-jenkins〕 *''Doe v. Clenchy'' (2014): The Maine Supreme Judicial Court rules that denying a transgender girl the use of a the girls' restroom at her school violated her rights under the state's Human Rights Act. This case marked the first time that a state court ruled denying a transgender student access to the bathroom consistent with their gender identity is unlawful. *''DeBoer v. Snyder'' (2015): GLAD's Civil Rights Project Director, Mary Bonauto, is scheduled argue in front of the U.S. Supreme Court on April 28, 2015, on behalf of same-sex couples seeking the right to marry. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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